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Kidney Stone

Kidney Stone

A stone in your kidney is an irregularly-shaped solid mass or crystal that can be as small as a grain of sand up to the size of a golf ball.  Even small stones can cause extreme pain as they exit your body through your urinary tract.

A large kidney stone can get trapped in your ureter. The stone can cause bleeding and keep urine from leaving your body.

 

RISK FACTORS

  • Men in their 30s and 40s are most likely to get kidney stones.
  • Not drinking enough water
  • Diet
  • Family history of kidney stones.
  • Blockage in your urinary tract.
  • Some medications

Certain medical conditions can also increase your risk of developing stones.

  • Hypercalciuria (high calcium levels in your urine).
  • High blood pressure.
  • Diabetes.
  • Obesity.
  • Osteoporosis.
  • Gout and cystic fibrosis.
  • Kidney cysts.
  • Parathyroid disease.
  • Inflammatory bowel disease and chronic diarrhea.
  • Certain foods
  • Meats and poultry (animal proteins).
  • Sodium (diets high in salt).
  • Sugars (fructose, sucrose, and corn syrup).
  • Fish, beans, and other protein-rich foods

 

SYMPTOMS

  • Pain in your lower back or side of your body. This pain can start as a dull ache that comes and goes.
  • Nausea and/or vomiting 
  • blood in your urine.
  • pain when urinating.
  • Unable to pass urine
  • Frequent urination
  • Fever or chills.
  • Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy.

 

DIAGNOSIS

  • X-ray, CT scan, and ultrasound scan
  • Blood test
  • Urine test

 

MANAGEMENT

  • Lemon juice. Lemon juice is rich in citrate, which can help prevent kidney stones from forming. Citrates are found in several citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, and melons.
  • Coffee. Studies show that coffee may decrease your risk of developing kidney stones.
  • Avoid soda and other drinks with added sugar or fructose corn syrup.
  • Drink water. Drink at least six to eight 8-ounce glasses every day.
  • Limit salt. 
  • Lose weight.


Take foods that are high in calcium including:

  • Cow’s milk.
  • Yogurt.
  • Cheese.
  • Broccoli.
  • Kale.
  • Calcium-fortified juices.
  • Dried beans.
  • Salmon.
  • Calcium-fortified hot cereal.

 

Foods to avoid

  • Spinach.
  • Rhubarb.
  • Strawberries.
  • Tea in excess
  • Dried peas and beans.
  • Nuts and nut butter.
  • Wheat bran